Hair Loss

Br J Dermatol. 1978;99(4):371

The long term effect of repeated pluckings on the function of the mouse vibrissal hair follicles.
Ibrahim L, Wright EA.

Single mouse vibrissae were plucked repeatedly at the same time of the cycle (10–15 days after eruption) for ten successive hair regrowth cycles from eight individual follicles. After three hair pluckings the first grey whisker appeared, after six pluckings all were grey. Two follicles stopped producing whiskers after seven pluckings and another two after the 8th. Henceforth only 50% of the follicles continued producing whiskers until the end of the experiment. All the follicles which ceased to produce whiskers had a keratogenous cyst occupying most of the hair follicle in direct contact with the dermal papilla. In all cases the isolated dermal papilla was condensed and rounded in shape. Both loss of pigment and cyst formation could be due to the mechanical damage in the hair follicle caused by repeated plucking.

Hair Loss Treatment at the Proctor clinic

Arch Dermatol Res. 1978;263:297-306.

The histodynamic of alopecia areata in the dependence on the griseofulvin-induced epithelial proliferation

Franz E.

The histodynamic of hair loss due to alopecia areata–without or with the medicamentous induction of the hair regrowth respectively–was investigated comparatively. 1. Griseofulvin induced an epithelial proliferation in alopecia areata associated hair loss, which is noticeable in the surface epithelium as well as in the follicular epithelium. 2. Under the influence of griseofulvin a deeper penetration of the follicles into the fatty tissue–in connexion with a cutan-subcutaneous volume increase–results; at the same time the supra- and infraseboglandular follicular areas are lengthened. snip…..

Med Arh. 1994;48:57
The effect of nutritional deficiency on hair roots (trichogram)
Muteveli?-Arslanagi? N.

Edited for hair loss blog use

In this study, we have presented consequences of nutritive deficit on hair folliclea in dermatological patients and patients who were wounded and/or operated, and without manifest signs of hair loss. Serum iron, saturation of iron, Hb, hematocrit and protein metabolism, were not in all cases, complementary with prescription of trichogram. Telogen efluvium has been found even at cases with normal values of those parameters as consequence of high sensitive hair follicle to minimal deficits. At group of patients who were wounded and/or operated it was found higher percent of dystrophic and mixed effluvium as consequence of damage to hair follicle. Percent of telogen efluvium is the same at the both groups of patients. Those damages are reversible given normal diet and removal of all physical and psychological stress.

Clin Exp Dermatol. 1994;19(1):61
Pseudopelade of Brocq occurring in two brothers in childhood.Collier PM, James MP.

edited for blog use

The cases of two brothers who both developed pseudopelade at the age of 7 years, with progressive patchy hair loss, are reported. Biopsy in the elder brother showed typical changes with reduced numbers of hair follicles and sebaceous glands, a sparse lymphocytic infiltrate and an absence of widespread scarring. ..snip…This report of two, possibly three, family members with pseudopelade suggests genetic factors may play a role in this family.

Br J Exp Pathol. 1985;66(6):655

Hair loss in mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV).

Mims CA.

When mouse cytomegalovirus was injected subcutaneously into 4-12 day old CDI mice there was infection of dermal cells and the dermal papillae of hair follicles. Infected cells were never seen in the epidermis nor in the epithelium of hair follicles. When larger doses of virus (5 X 10(4) pfu) were given, dermal infection led to gross necrosis of the skin, ulceration, scabbing and healing with hair loss. Smaller doses (10(4) pfu) did not cause gross necrosis but damage to follicles resulted in hair loss or sparse hair regrowth. Skin lesions were not seen after infection of 4-8 week old mice, even when the inoculated skin area had been epilated, or when hyaluronidase was mixed with the virus inoculum. These experiments show that cytomegalovirus, in contrast to herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses, infects dermal but not epidermal cells, and that dermal tropism is age-restricted.

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Hair regrowth

Arch Dermatol.1985;121:646

Calcitriol-resistant rickets with alopecia.

Hochberg Z, et al

Four children of two kindred had alopecia associated with severe rickets, resistant to treatment, and caused by defective cytoplasmic and nuclear receptors for the active vitamin D metabolite calcitriol. Scalp biopsy specimen revealed normal features of the hair and hair follicles. Calcitriol-resistant rickets should be added to the list of inherited disorders of hair growth, and the association of rickets with hair loss needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of hair loss.

hair loss blogs

J Cutan Pathol. 1975;2(2):58

Male pattern alopecia a histopathologic and histochemical study

Lattanand A, Johnson WC.

Three hundred and forty-seven tissue specimens were studied from 23 patients with male pattern hair loss. Characteristic features of pattern alopecia included: the presence of miniature or vellus follicles; a marked enlargement of the sebaceous glands and arrectores pilorum muscles; the presence of connective tissue streamers beneath the vellus follicles; and the thinning of the dermis. A mild perivascular infiltrate of mononuclear cells and mild capillary dilatation was sometimes seen. An increased number of mast cells was often a prominent feature. Histochemical procedures were performed for glycogen, acid mucosaccharides, inorganic substances, and enzymes including alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, beta glucuronidase, cholinesterase, aminopeptidase, oxidases and dehydrogenases. Histochemical studies did not reveal any significantly abnormal enzyme changes other than the altered vascular and nerve supply to the the miniature follicles.

J Invest Dermatol. 1997 Feb;108(2):205-9.

Activation of cytoprotective prostaglandin synthase-1 by minoxidil as a possible explanation for its hair growth-stimulating effect.Michelet JF,

Data from the literature indicate that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as indomethacin, naproxen, piroxicam, or ibuprofen, induce hair loss in vivo. These NSAIDs are well-known inhibitors of both the cytoprotective isoform of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-1 (PGHS-1) and of the inducible form (PGHS-2). By immunohistochemical staining, we found that PGHS-1 is the main isoform present in the dermal papilla from normal human hair follicle (either anagen or catagen), whereas PGHS-2 was only faintly and exclusively expressed in anagen dermal papilla. Thus, PGHS-1 might be the primary target of the hair growth-inhibitory effects of NSAIDs. We thus speculated that activation of PGHS-1 might be a mechanism by which minoxidil (2,4-diamino-6-piperidinopyrimidine-3-oxyde) stimulates hair growth in vivo. We demonstrate here that minoxidil is a potent activator of purified PGHS-1 (AC50 = 80 microM), as assayed by oxygen consumption and PGE2 production. This activation was also evidenced by increased PGE2 production by BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts and by human dermal papilla fibroblasts in culture. Our findings suggest that minoxidil and its derivatives may have a cytoprotective activity in vivo and that more potent second-generation hair growth-promoting drugs might be designed, based on this mechanism.

PMID: 9008235